VitaminNo.012
Vitamin E
Antioxidant, protects cell membranes.
Typical / RDA15 mg
Upper limit1,000 mg
EvidenceLimited
How to take it
Timing With a mealFood With fatForm Mixed tocopherols
What to know
Fat-soluble antioxidant from nuts, seeds, and oils. Large trials found no preventive benefit for heart disease or cancer — the USPSTF recommends against supplementing it.
Interactions & cautions
- High doses thin the blood — caution with warfarin and before surgery.
Do you actually need it?
Deficiency is rare in normal diets. Supplementing is usually unnecessary.
Reference values: NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, adult general population. Educational information only — not medical advice. Confirm with a healthcare professional.